ˈsæbəθ
A day set aside for rest and worship, traditionally the seventh day of the week.
Or have ye not read in the law, how that on the sabbath days the priests in the temple profane the sabbath, and are blameless? But I say unto you, That in this place is one greater than the temple. But if ye had known what this meaneth, I will have mercy, and not sacrifice, ye would not have condemned the guiltless. For the Son of man is Lord even of the sabbath day.
Matthew 12:5-8, KJV
O Lord God, give peace unto us: (for You have given us all things;) the peace of rest, the peace of the Sabbath, which hath no evening. For all this most goodly array of things very good, having finished their courses, is to pass away, for in them there was morning and evening,
Augustine, Confessions
שַׁבָּת /shabbat/
Biblical Period, Ancient Israel
σάββατον /sabbaton/
Hellenistic Period, Alexandria
sabbatum /sabbatum/
Medieval Period, Rome